why was henry vii called the winter king

He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. What old December's bareness every where! Martin Luther 95 thesis. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. This definitely was not that. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. It was no easy feat. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. Detailed Information. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. Henry was also worried by the treason of Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, the eldest surviving son of Edward IVs sister Elizabeth, who fled to the Netherlands (1499) and was supported by Maximilian. Henry VII - History Learning Site [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. Happy St Davids Day! Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. In turn, Antwerp became an extremely important trade entrept (transshipment port), through which, for example, goods from the Baltic, spices from the east and Italian silks were exchanged for English cloth. I would read more by this author. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. Omissions? All the information is from Thomas Penn. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. Wolf Hall this is not. [49] The confused, fractious nature of Breton politics undermined his efforts, which finally failed after three sizeable expeditions, at a cost of 24,000. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. [2] His father died three months before his birth. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. (1): (April 24, 1883. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. It was 1501. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. enry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. Poor Henry VII. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. I have to admit to being a history geek. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent. Henry VII ruled from 1485-1509 and had a dubious claim on the throne, spending most of his time before the famous Battle of Bosworth Field in exile and gaining credibility from his marriage to Elizabeth of York. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. Present were exiles from Richards court, friends of Edward IVths queen, but King Richard was able to bribe the ageing Duke of Brittany to relinquish Henry in return for funds to fight an increasingly hostile French king, whereupon Henry Tudor flew to the French court for sanctuary. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Overblown prose trumpeting his reign seemed to be the order of the day. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's reign Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. Henry was a remarkable man. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. (We certainly can, and do, decide what sort of king Henry was based on what he had his government get up to, however.). This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. [52] He also concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland (the first treaty between England and Scotland for almost two centuries), which betrothed his daughter Margaret Tudor to King James IV of Scotland. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. It was really very well researched and painstakingly written. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? The union was both symbolic and necessary. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. His father, Henry VII, was a cold, calculating man (he wasn't called "the Winter King" for nothing), a greedy monarch who during his last years on the throne had squeezed every last drop. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. His younger brother, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, undertook to protect Edmund's widow Margaret, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Together, they had seven children. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations.

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