This file contains references of other papers that used the identified measures. The authors summarise the literature with a focus on protective factors and note that youth resiliency is influenced by personal attributes, family characteristics and other external support systems such as peers, the school and the community. 2023 Mar 6;11(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01098-2. Likewise, we placed a lower limit of 1989 on the searches, for which the rationale is outlined in the inclusion criteria. Consequently, researchers and clinicians have little robust evidence to inform their choice of a resilience measure and may make an arbitrary and inappropriate selection for the population and context. Magrin ME, Scrignaro M, Monticelli C, Gheno S. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. Organizational factors were measured using the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and a single item measuring organizational mission/behavior congruence. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Front Psychol. These three aforementioned questionnaires have been developed for use with an adult population. An official website of the United States government. Linear regression analysis was used to test associations between pregnancy (exposure) and outcomes of interest (stress and resilience scores), while HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Before Huang J, Xu L, Xu Z, Luo Y, Liao B, Li Y, Shi Y. BMC Womens Health. It was designed to assess the ability of individuals to cope with stress and adversity in their lives. The exceptions here related to four studies that focussed on scale refinement. Questionnaires that require considerable length of time to complete may result in high rates of non-response and missing data. Biscoe, HarrisThe Resiliency Attitudes Scale. Below is anon-exhaustivelist of selected measures commonly used in research investigating workplace well-being. To examine intrapersonal and interpersonal protective factors presumed to facilitate adaptation to psychosocial adversities (personal strength, social competence, structured style, family cohesion, social resources). Moral resilience was measured using the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale. The Eight Components of Resilience - This section details the eight components measured by thequestionnaire. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving resilience, social capital, psychological wellbeing, and health-promoting lifestyle in healthcare workers, utilizing the Social Cognitive Theory integrated into the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. With the exception of Bromley, Johnson and Cohen's examination of Ego Resilience [42], all measures had acceptable Cronbach Alphas reported for the whole scales. Connor KM, Davidson JRT, Lee LC. Russell I, Di Blasi Z, Lambert M, Russell D. In: Sikkes SAM, de Lange-de Klerk ESM, Pijnenburg YAL, Scheltens P, Uitdehaag BMJ. Methods: Reliability was investigated for five measures. Scoring criteria for the quality assessment of each resilience measure, In order to calculate a total score + = 2; ? Controlled intervention studies, before and after studies, intervention studies with no control, validation studies with or without control; Psychometric evidence and narrative reports of validity assessed against Terwee et al. 2016 May 27;54(2):241-53. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162297. The evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures to ensure data quality. However it has been noted that statistical significance in change scores does not always correspond to the clinical relevance of effect, which often is due to the influence of sample size [50]. Very little theoretical rationale is presented, and it is unclear as to how the psychological characteristics were chosen to represent resilience. National Library of Medicine Employee Well-Being Scale The overall purpose of this study is to explore and examine whether high-performance work systems (HPWS) can impact thriving at work and job burnout via resilience at work among nurses in Chinese public hospitals. The Resilience at Work Scale assesses resilience in individuals and work teams. A To assess student perceptions of their individual characteristics, protective resources from family, peer, school and community (Communication and cooperation, Self-esteem, Empathy, Problem solving, Goals and aspirations, Family connection, School connection, Community connection, Autonomy experience, Pro-social peers, Meaningful participation in community Activity, Peer support). Oshio A, Kaneko H, Nagamine S, Nakaya M. Construct validity of the adolescent resilience scale. Akbari M, Kaveh MH, Cousins R, Mokarami H, Rahimi Taghanaki C, Jahangiri M. BMC Psychol. The extent of floor or ceiling effects was not reported for any measures. 2013). International Journal of Behavioural Medicine. In turn, these are described as intrinsic and extrinsic developmental strengths that are related to the development of resilience. For the 37-item RSA the test re-test correlations were >0.70 for all the subscales except the social support (0.69), for the 33 item RSA test-retest correlations were >0.70 for all the subscales. NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. This provides some indication of the measure's stability, and an early indication of the potential for it to be able to detect clinically important change, as opposed to measurement error. Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The test re-test coefficients are reported for the 15 items Dispositional Resilience Scale, with correlations of 0.78 for commitment, 0.58 for control and 0.81 for challenge. New York. This could provide some assurances that the concept being measured is theoretically robust, that any sub-scales are sufficiently correlated to indicate they are measuring the same construct and that analyses will be able to sufficiently discriminate between and/or soundly predict other variables of interest. 2005. (DE = resilien*) and((KW = Interven*) or(KW = promot*) or(KW = associat*) or(KW = determin*) or(KW = relat*) or(KW = predict*) or(KW = review) or (definition)), C. (DE = resilien*) and ((KW = questionnaire) or (KW = assess*) or (KW = scale) or (KW = instrument)). Nevertheless, the setting and circumstances in which a questionnaire is administered play an important role. To ensure the fidelity of the review, the measure was reviewed by JN and KB. A. Accessibility The study protocol for the randomized controlled trial of the effects of a theory-based intervention on resilience, social capital, psychological wellbeing, and health-promoting lifestyle in healthcare workers. Most of the measures focus on resilience at the level of the individual only. JN provided methodological oversight and expertise for the review and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Request Permissions, Peter C. Winwood, Rochelle Colon and Kath McEwen, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Published By: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Reference lists of all identified papers were hand searched. In the 15 item version, the challenge subscale alpha = 0.70. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2010. de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Ostelo RW, Beckerman H, Knol DL, Bouter LM. This is a 472 item self report inventory with 23 scales that address personality. In-depth, clinically oriented research articles and technical reports keep occupational and environmental medicine specialists up-to-date on new medical developments in the prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of environmentally induced conditions and work-related injuries and illnesses. The new scale shows considerable promise as a reliable instrument for use in the area of employee support and development. Be honest: understanding the specific areas in which you lack resilience Ahern NR, Kiehl EM, Sole ML, Byers J. (2007). The role of self-organization in the promotion of resilience in maltreated children. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. For eight measures (RSA 37 items; CD-RISC 25 items; Brief Resilience Scale; Psychological Resilience; The Resilience Scale, the ER-89; the Adolescent Resilience Scale; the Dispositional Resilience Scale), information on sub-groups that were expected to differ was available and in most cases means and standard deviations were presented, although information on what change in scores would be clinically meaningful (MIC) was not specified. One of the five subscales of the READ had <0.70. Although a number of scales have been developed for measuring resilience, they are not widely adopted and no one scale is preferable over the others [14]. Epidemiology Deserves Better Questionnaires. Lundman B, Strandberg G, Eisemann M, Gustafson Y, Brulin C. Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the resilience scale. The [email protected] Sustain 7 is a simple yet powerful print that creates an common language through workplaces around resilience. On completion full articles that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved and reviewed by one person and checked by a second, again applying the inclusion criteria. 'I usually come through difficult times with little trouble' or 'I have a hard time making it through stressful events'. and transmitted securely. No clinical applications are suggested. Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS) All the measures had some missing information regarding the psychometric properties. Practice implications include a need to focus on collective as well as individual behaviors in resilience-building. SPARK Resilience in the workplace: Effectiveness of a brief online resilience intervention during the COVID-19 lockdown. The Resilience at Work Scale (RAW; Winwood, Colon, & McEwen, 2013) was developed to measure one's management of the pressures of work. In constructing this scale, extant literature on stress exposure and its consequences as well as of resilience was reviewed and psychometric analyses were conducted on the subsequent statements. The final item of the MeSH [49] recommend undertaking supplementary methods such as reference screening. Before official website and that any information you provide is encrypted On that basis, the review fails to identify where any of the scales might lack specific psychometric evidence, as that judgement is left to the reader. No clinical applications are suggested. At a further meeting of the authors (GW, KB and JN) it was acknowledged that methodologists, researchers and practitioners may require outcomes from the review presented in various accessible ways to best inform their work. 8600 Rockville Pike The site is secure. (DE = resilien*) and((KW = biol*) or(KW = geog*) or(KW = community)), B. 2022 Mar;57(1):143-152. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.11.010. The search strategy was run in the CSA data bases and adapted for the others. The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidlines for Future Work. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Alphas were not reported for subscales of the Resilience Scale, the California Healthy Kids Survey, Ego Resiliency and the CD-RISC. Developed for clinical practice as a measure of stress coping ability. Malawi is set to establish new six irrigation schemes, support an additional 560 productive alliances that target more than 112,000 households, and work with smallholder farmers to execute productivity-enhancing investments with support of a $250 million grant from the International Development Association* (IDA) and a $15 million grant from the Having said that, Ungar et al [38] found that the key factors underlying resilience were universally accepted across their participating countries, but they were perceived differently by the youths completing the questionnaire. If no information regarding the relevant criteria was provided the lowest score (0) was awarded. 2013 Oct;55(10):1205-12. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182a2a60a. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The .gov means its official. The Effect of Servant Leadership on Work Resilience: Evidence from the Hospitality Industry during the COVID-19 Period. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) [] is widely recognized as the standard scale measuring PsyCap [].It was developed as a compound measure consisting of (modified) items from published scales for hope [], optimism [], resilience [], and self-efficacy [].Predominantly, the PCQ was used in The definitions are not presented, and it is unclear how comprehensive sampled the items are. Form A is about individual In these instances results are presented separately for each version of the scale. Items were selected, based on their correspondence with the ER measure of Klohnen (1996) and were drawn from a larger, varied set of personality assessments administered previously. Based on increasing interest in this concept, many scales have been developed to assess resilience in development psychology, including the Resilience Scale (RS) [ 9 ], Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) [ 10 ], Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) [ 11 ], and Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS) [ 12 ]. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine is an excellent source for new ideas, concepts, techniques, and procedures that can be readily applied in the industrial or commercial employment setting. PMC 5. Fifteen measures were identified that propose to measure resilience. It is difficult to ascertain whether or not an intervention might be theoretically adequate and able to facilitate change, and whether the measure is able to accurately detect this change. Web2. Adult attachment insecurity and responses to prolonged severe occupational stress in hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Grasping the central protective resources behind healthy development. However the analytical approach for the five initial components identified in the qualitative work is not outlined, and it is unclear how they came to this conclusion, and then linked it with the research literature. Chan School of Public Health. An official website of the United States government. The introduction in this paper acknowledges resilience as a process. This creates difficulties in comparing prevalence across studies, even if study populations experience similar adversities. It examines resilience at the level of the individual only. Klohnen EC. For the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile only one subscale was >0.70. Seventeen resilience measurement scales were initially identified, and a further 38 papers were identified that had used the scales (see additional file 1). filled out an online, structured questionnaire that included demographics, a professional quality of life scale (ProQOL) (including three I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. To examine protective factors; intrinsic and extrinsic developmental strengths (family, community, peers, work commitment and learning, school (culture), social sensitivity, cultural sensitivity, self concept, empowerment, self control. Linear regression analysis was used to test associations between pregnancy (exposure) and outcomes of interest (stress and resilience scores), while The scale was then tested on 39 undergraduate nurses (alpha = 0.89) mean age = 71). In some instances, further development of measures led to reduced or refined versions of the same scale. In terms of our findings, for researchers undertaking cross-sectional surveys, especially if undertaking multivariate data analysis, consideration could be given to measures that demonstrate good content and construct validity and good internal consistency. Some of them focus on individual aspects of worker well-being (e.g., satisfaction) while others focus on aspects of the organizational environment that Diesen are the exact sort of experiences that build resilience. The search was then further expanded and the instrument scale names were used to search the databases for further studies which used the respective scales. Accessibility The site is secure. These are presented as family support and cohesion, external support systems and dispositional attitudes and behaviours. Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and 'bouncing back' in the face of adversity. Would you like email updates of new search results? eCollection 2022. 8600 Rockville Pike If readers wish to be certain no other measures have been developed or new evidence on existing measures published, they should run the search strategy from October 2009 onwards. Luthar S, Cicchetti D, Becker B. Fundamental to the robustness of a methodological review are the quality criteria used to distinguish the measurement properties of a scale to enable a meaningful comparison [15]. This paper systematically reviews the psychometric rigour of resilience measurement scales developed for use in general and MIC - minimal important change \(this is the smallest difference in score in the domain of interest which patients perceive as beneficial and would agree to, in the absence of side effects and excessive cost)s. Identify resilience measurement scales and their target population, Assess the psychometric rigour of measures, Identify research and practice implications, Ascertain whether a 'gold standard' resilience measure currently exists. This study develops, and initial evaluates, a new measure of team-based resilience for use in research and practice. There is no apparent 'gold standard' available for criterion validity and resilience, and most authors did not provide this information. These are tested and validated empirically. Thus applying a more rigorous criterion for content validity could lead to different conclusions. J Occup Environ Med. Specifically, it draws on social exchange theory to conceptualize a positive relationship between HPWS and resilience at Moral resilience was measured using the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale. Ethical considerations. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM), Youth at risk (age 12 to 23) in different countries. Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. no hypotheses), Less than 75% of hypotheses were confirmed, despite adequate design and methods, No information found on construct validity, The extent to which the scores on repeated measures are close to each other (absolute measurement error), SDC < MIC OR MIC outside the LOA OR convincing arguments that agreement is acceptable, Doubtful design or method OR (MIC not defined AND no convincing arguments that agreement is acceptable), MIC < = SDC OR MIC equals or inside LOA despite adequate design and method, The extent to which patients can be distinguished from each other, despite measurement errors (relative measurement error), ICC or weighted Kappa < 0.70, despite adequate design and method, The ability of a questionnaire to detect clinically important changes over time, SDC or SDC < MIC OR MIC outside the LOA OR RR > 1.96 OR AUC > = 0.70, SDC or SDC > = MIC OR MIC equals or inside LOA OR RR < = 1.96 or AUC <0.70, despite adequate design and methods, The number of respondents who achieved the lowest or highest possible score, =<15% of the respondents achieved the highest or lowest possible scores, >15% of the respondents achieved the highest or lowest possible scores, despite adequate design and methods, The degree to which one can assign qualitative meaning to quantitative scores, Mean and SD scores presented of at least four relevant subgroups of patients and MIC defined, Doubtful design or method OR less than four subgroups OR no MIC defined, Resilience of people in all age groups, all populations and all settings, Resilience measurement: development, testing or outcome measurement in empirical studies, Scale development and validation studies; quantitative studies that have applied resilience measurement scales. An important aspect of three of the criterion (agreement, responsiveness and interpretability) was whether a minimal important change (MIC) was defined. Jane Noyes PhD is Professor of Nursing Research with expertise in health services research and evaluation. Systematic reviews of test accuracy should search a range of databases to identify primary studies. Five factors (personal competence, trust/tolerance/strengthening effects of stress, acceptance of change and secure relationships, control, spiritual influences). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Results: A 20-item scale explaining 67% of variance, measuring seven aspects of workplace resilience, which are teachable and capable of conscious development, was achieved. Its depositary receipts of shares are quoted on the Euronext Amsterdam (WKL) and are included in the AEX and Euronext 100 indices. The potential limitation of our search strategy should also be considered. The validation procedure should establish the range of and reasons for inaccuracies and potential sources of bias. The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers: A prospective study. Two authors independently extracted data and performed a quality assessment of the scale psychometric properties. On that basis the READ may be an appropriate choice for adolescents. WebThe Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire (NMRQ) is a self-report measure of psychological resilience. 4. Marshall M, Lockwood A, Bradley C, Adams C, Joy C, Fenton M. Unpublished rating scales: A major source of bias in randomised controlled trials of treatments for schizophrenia. This time-frame was chosen so as to capture research to answer other Resilience and Healthy Ageing project questions, which required the identification of some of the earlier definitive studies of resilience, to address any changes in meaning over time and to be able to provide an accurate count of resilience research as applied to the different populations across the life course. Health Psychol Behav Med. Developed for clinical practice as a measure of stress coping ability. Abstract Background A growing body of research suggests that resilience training can play a pivotal role in creating mentally healthy workplaces, particularly with regard to protecting the long-term well-being of workers. The authors state that these were further validated with research literature. What is resilience? To measure resiliency attitudes (Insight; independence; creativity; humour; initiative; relationships; values orientation) in youth for recreation and other social services providing interventions. by. The measure had high reliability and significant discrimination to indicate the presence of a unique team-based aspect of resilience that contributed to higher work The remainder generally specified the target population, had clear aims and concepts but either did not involve the target population in the development nor undertook pilot work. The authors also discuss resilience within an ecological framework, acknowledging the interactions between the individual, their social environment and the wider community. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. 2016 May 27;54(2):241-53. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162297. Methods: The full list of items is not presented in the paper and this 29 item measure does not appear to have been utilised in further research. Health Measurement Scales: A practical guide to their development and use. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, http://www.euro.who.int/document/e92227.pdf, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/06/09160103/0, http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Ourresearch/ResearchInitiatives/LLHW/index.htm#P61_3876, http://www.iea-europe.org/download/Questionnaires.pdf, http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/pdf/Systematic_Reviews.pdf. The improved quality assessment applied in this paper has contributed new evidence to the findings of the previous review. Reine G, Lancon C, Simeoni MC, Duplan S, Auquier P. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. The stress, you can work thanks the effects about stress and negative emotions both not only bounce back, but actually bloom. A review of instruments measuring resilience. Rushton CH, Batcheller J, Schroeder K, Donohue P. Am J Crit Care. Bromley et al. Papers not published in English were excluded from review if no translation was readily available. The authors take the perspective that resilience is a personal quality that reflects the ability to cope with stress. Take Test. Correlates of resilience in homeless adolescents. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271753. Continued work to confront workplace well-being issues, especially However as development was undertaken with older women, it is questionable as to how appropriate this measure is for younger people. In addition to strengthening the previous review, it updates it to the current, and by identifying scales that have been applied to all populations (not just adolescents) it contributes an important addition to the current evidence base. It is assumed that ego-resilience renders a pre-disposition to resist anxiety and to engage positively with the world. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted WebFor each question, score yourself between 1 and 5, where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree. Two authors (GW and KB) independently extracted study and psychometric data and scored responses. The comprehensive set of quality criteria was developed for the purpose of evaluating psychometric properties of health status measures and address content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, floor and ceiling effects and interpretability (see Table Table1).1). Their rationale for their resiliency attitudes is drawn from the qualitative work by Wolin & Wolin (1993) who suggest these characteristics. The site is secure. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Bromley E, Johnson JG, Cohen P. Personality strengths in adolescence and decreased risk of developing mental health problems in early adulthood. Resilience is now also receiving increasing interest from policy and practice [3,4] in relation to its potential influence on health, well-being and quality of life and how people respond to the various challenges of the ageing process. Figure Figure11 summarises the process of the review. Table Table33 provides a description of included measures [14,17,23-42]. Rew L, Taylor-Seehafer M, Thomas NY, Yockey RD. Haskett ME, Nears K, Ward CS, McPherson AV. Methods Sub group analysis information for the Resilience Scale was available in Lundman, Strandberg, Eisemann, Gustafason and Brulin [45] and Rew, Taylor-Seehafer, Thomas and Yockey [46]. This will enable others who may be considering using a resilience measure in a clinical trial to be able to perform a sample size calculation. A negative rating (-) was given when unsatisfactory results were found despite adequate design, execution, methods analysis and sample size. I am a hard worker. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The final number of measures reviewed was fifteen, with an additional four being reported on that were reductions/refinements of the original measure. A general search of the internet using the Google search engine was undertaken to identify any other measures, with single search terms 'resilience scale', 'resilience questionnaire', 'resilience assessment', 'resilience instrument.' These were used to define questionnaire items, but it is not clear how the wording for the items was chosen, or whether the target population was involved in item selection. This paper has been developed as part of the work of the Resilience and Healthy Ageing Network, funded through the UK Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Cross-Council Programme. Five themes were derived; equanimity, perseverance, self-reliance, meaningfulness, existential aloneness. The authors would like to thank the network members for their inspiring discussions on the topic, and Jenny Perry, Eryl Roberts and Marta Ceisla (Bangor University) for their assistance with abstract screening and identification of papers, and to the reviewers of the original manuscript for their constructive and helpful comments. Even so, items in the Brief Resilience Scale, although corresponding with the ability to recover and cope with difficulties, all reflect a sense of personal agency, e.g. However only five measures (the CYRM, the RSA, the Resilience Scale of the California Healthy Kids Survey the READ and the YR: ADS) examine resilience across multiple levels, reflecting conceptual adequacy. Wolters Kluwer Health is a division of Wolters Kluwer, a leading multi-national publisher and information services company with annual revenues (2005) of 3.4 billion and approximately 18,400 employees worldwide. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It is proposed as an enduring psychological construct that characterizes human adaptability and has been used on occasion by researchers to measure resilience. The concept of resilience in OSH management: a review of approaches. High-Performance Work Systems, Thriving at Work, and Job Burnout among Nurses in Chinese Public Hospitals: The Role of Resilience at Work. Hjemdal O, Friborg O, Stiles TC, Martinussen M, Rosenvinge J. Work. The project appears to have put a lot of work into the development of the measure, and work was undertaken within 11 countries. The measure provides a diagnostic instrument for teams and a scale to evaluate organizational interventions and research the relationship of resilience to other constructs. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. WebThis section details your resilience profile in relation to the comparison group, based on the responses you gave to the questionnaire. WebOptions & Details. all students in class completed the RAU questionnaire online. The Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (USA/English). This requires the measure to undergo a validation procedure, demonstrating that it accurately measures what it aims to do, regardless of who responds (if for all the population), when they respond, and to whom they respond. resillience! [36] report correlations between the Brief Resilience Scale and the CD-RISC of 0.59 and the ER-89 of 0.51. The literature review in the introduction makes a good case for the respective psychological resources to be considered as indicators of resilience. The authors suggest that assessing the ability to recover of individuals who are ill is important. Disclaimer. Work. As with the CD-RISC, other research could potentially inform the dimensions, as the measure is mainly at the level of the individual level, although one of the seven dimensions examines relationships. Please note: The Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness cannot grant permission to utilize these scales. Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Results This may be appropriate for Western cultures, but be far less so in a country where children do not have automatic access to education. Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Adolescent resilience: a framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Here we review 8 resilience scaled which have high psychometric scores. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (, GUID:82674624-322C-48C4-AD83-E9674D2044D0. The lead author is also the developer of one of the scales included in the review (Psychological Resilience). The items were drawn from existing data - the California Psychological Inventory (Gough, 1987). As noted above, from a cultural perspective, care needs to be given that the choice of measure is meaningful for the population it is to be applied to. As a personality style, it might assist in a resilient response from the individual level, however it is generally regarded as a fixed trait and does not fit well with the notion of resilience as a dynamic process. Objective: To develop an effective measure of resilience at work for use in individual work-related performance and emotional distress contexts. Youth Resiliency: Assessing Developmental Strengths (YR:ADS). Likewise, the authors make a brief reference to Shackleton's expedition to the arctic, noting that he possessed 'personal characteristics compatible with resilience' (p.77). Would you like email updates of new search results? The self report measure used in this analysis is based on Block and Block's observer rated assessment of ego resiliency. To build resilience it is essential to know how to measure it. Multilevel analyses showed that team, but not individual, resilience predicted self-rated team performance. 2. Nineteen resilience measures were reviewed; four of these were refinements of the original measure. Reprint: R1104H Failure is a familiar trauma in life, but its effects on people differ widely. It should also be noted that the rating of the measurement scales was hampered by the lack of psychometric information, so it was impossible to give a score on a number of quality criterion, such as reproducibility and responsiveness. Hunter AJ, Chandler GE. For example Cichetti and Rosgoch [51] examined resilience in abused children and used a composite measure of adaptive functioning to indicate resilience which consists of 7 indicators; different aspects of interpersonal behaviour important for peer relations, indicators of psychopathology and an index of risk for school difficulties. California healthy Kids Survey - The Resilience Scale of the Student Survey (USA/English), Primary School Children (mean ages 8.9, 10.05, 12.02). I often set a goal but later choose to pursue a different one. A positive rating (+) was given when the study was adequately designed, executed and analysed, had appropriate sample sizes and results. Older Adults (subscales previously used with adolescents). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Smith et al. Responsiveness analyses are especially important for evaluating change in response to an intervention [21]. Webworkplace (the resilience at work [RAW] scale), in particular, ele-ments of resilience that are open to development through conscious choice and decision. We conducted a quantitative methodological review using systematic principles [18] for searching, screening, appraising quality criteria and data extraction and handling. In other words, we were Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Further development and reporting by the authors of the measurement scales could improve the assessments reported here. Also important to note is the absence of a conceptually sound and psychometrically robust measure of resilience for children aged under 12. government site. As yet it has only been used with people aged 50+. WebResilience questionnaire - Resilience at Work Scale (Adapted for University) The following - Studocu its good material. However what is lacking from most measures is information on the extent to which measures are responsive to change in relation to an intervention. The multi-level nature of the questionnaire is consistent with the assets and resources outlined in our definition. Friborg O, Barlaug D, Martinussen M, Rosenvinge JH, Hjemdal O. From the Magazine (April 2011) Summary. Windle G. The Resilience Network. In the 1993 development paper the authors present a very brief literature review of resilience research. All but one of the identified resilience scales reflects the availability of assets and resources that facilitate resilience, and as such may be more useful for measuring the process leading to a resilient outcome, or for clinicians and researchers who are interested in ascertaining the presence or absence of these resources. Another measure excluded at a later stage after discussion between the authors was the California Child Q-Set (CCQ-Set). As this work is drawn from family counseling, the generalisability of the scale is questionable. 2015 Sep;24(5):412-20. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2015291. Workplace Wellbeing Questionnaire (WWQ) It has a good theoretical basis and has received considerable research attention. Our experience is that it resonates across a wide range of labors and occupations. As with the RSA the authors outline evidence from longitudinal research to identify some of the key features of resilient people. Only one validation paper (the CD-RISC) examined change scores and reported their statistical significance. Short version of 3a. It should also demonstrate that it is well accepted by responders and that items accurately reflect the underlying concepts and theory. Results: Numerous scales measuring workplace well-being exist. The .gov means its official. Although the Resilience Scale has been applied to younger populations, it was developed using qualitative data from older women. To measure the psychological characteristics (novelty seeking, emotional regulation, positive future orientation) of resilient Japanese Youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Methods: Two separate cross-sectional studies investigated: (1) exploratory factor analysis of 45 items putatively underpinning workplace resilience among 397 participants and (2) confirmatory factor analysis of resilience measure derived from Study 1 demonstrating a credible model of interaction, with performance outcome variables among 194 participants. Spirituality, resilience, and anger in survivors of violent trauma: A community survey. An intermediate rating (?) However they did not use explicit quality assessment criteria to demonstrate what constitutes good measurement properties which in turn would distinguish what an acceptable internal consistency co-efficient might be, or what proportion of the lowest and highest scores might indicate floor or ceiling effects. To assess the ego resiliency traits of confident optimism, productive activity, insight and warmth, and skilled expressiveness. The authors do not cite some of the early literature on resilience, but use a definition of their own from previous work to highlight that resilience is a dynamic interplay between the individual and available resources. No clinical applications are reported. To examine intrapersonal and interpersonal protective factors presumed to facilitate adaptation to psychosocial adversities (personal competence, social competence, family coherence, social support, personal structure. Resilience Assessment Questionnaire (RAQ 8) Resilience is a key component in the primary prevention of stress at work. Resilience is the capacity to mobilise personal resources to tolerate and overcome adverse events without experiencing stress, and to grow and develop as a consequence of such events. 2016;22(2):291-300. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2015.1126142. In terms of the community as a facilitator of resilience, most of the measures for children and adolescents identified in this review have an emphasis on school based resources. WebReWoS-24 / Resilience at Work Scale 24-items Aim The aim of the Resilience at Work Scale (ReWoS - 24) is to identify the extent to which an employee experiences characteristics of Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Pre and post treatment CD-RISC scores were compared in PTSD treatment responders and non-responders. Initial piloting/consultation with qualitative feedback could help identify the questionnaire design that is most likely to be positively received by the target group. Data regarding the extent to which the measure was theoretically grounded was extracted for critical evaluation by discussion. Only one of the measures, the Resilience Scale of the California Healthy Kids Survey applied this to primary school children (mean ages 8.9, 10.05, 12.02), however this measure scored poorly according to our quality assessment. Time to complete 2 minutes Eligibility The patients were receiving drug treatments as part of PTSD clinical trials. Individual and organizational resilience-Insights from healthcare providers in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses resilience in relation to Salutogenesis, emphasising the enhancement of protective factors. Whiting P, Westwood M, Burke M, Sterne J, Glanville J. Objective: Index of Psychological Well-Being at Work To accommodate all audiences we have calculated and reported outcomes from the quality assessment framework and an aggregate numerical score (see table table11). WebLAST UPDATED JUNE 2022 Numerous scales measuring workplace well-being exist. Ego-resiliency may be one of the protective factors implicated in a resilient outcome, but it would be incorrect to use this measure on its own as an indicator of resilience. J Psychol. The authors cite research by some of the key resilience researchers (e.g. These are the precision sort of special that build flexibility. Bartone P. Test-retest reliability of the dispositional resilience scale- 15, a brief hardiness scale. The ICC for agreement for the Brief Resilience Scale was 0.69 in one sample (n = 48) and 0.62 in another (n = 61). was given when there was an inadequate description of the design, inadequate methods or analyses, the sample size was too small or there were methodological shortfalls. The authors reported the psychometric properties of the measures (e.g. Designed to measure psychological hardiness (commitment, control, and challenge). Overall, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Brief Resilience Scale received the best psychometric ratings. The lack of a robust evaluation framework in the work of Ahern et al. Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary [10]. A systematic review and concept analysis. One way of ensuring data quality is to only use resilience measures which have been validated. Conclusion: To assess the protective resources of personal competence, social competence, structured style, family cohesion and social resources so as to understand stress adaptation. WebReWoS-24 / Resilience at Work Scale 24-items Aim The aim of the Resilience at Work Scale (ReWoS - 24) is to identify the extent to which an employee experiences characteristics of resilience at work. Epub 2016 Mar 31. Application of a Model of Workforce Resilience to the Education Workforce: Expanding Opportunities for Support. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Developing a workplace resilience instrument. In the absence of a 'gold standard', validity can be established by indirect evidence, such as construct validity [21]. WebResilience Assessment Questionnaire (RAQ 8) Resilience is a key component in the primary prevention of stress at work. Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR, van der Windt D, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet H. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. 2023 Jan 11;20(2):1322. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021322. Developing Resilience: Strategies to Adapt Within an Interprofessional Team. A credible model of relationships with work engagement, sleep, stress recovery, and physical health was demonstrated in the expected directions. Most of the measures advocated application where assessment of change would be required, for example in a clinical setting, or in response to an intervention. The relationship among pregnancy-related anxiety, perceived social support, family function and resilience in Chinese pregnant women: a structural equation modeling analysis. Donnon T, Hammond W. A psychometric assessment of the self reported youth resiliency assessing developmental strengths questionnaire. A positive rating is given when the SDC or the limits of agreement are smaller than the MIC). Copyright 2013 by American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine To identify the degree of individual resilience (personal competence and acceptance of self and life); a positive personality characteristic that enhances individual adaptation. However five measures (the RSA, the CD-RISC, the Brief Resilience Scale, the ER-89 and the Dispositional Resilience Scale provided test-retest information, and the RSA scored the maximum for this criteria. Table Table22 defines the evidence of interest for this methodological review. Major brands include traditional publishers of medical and drug reference tools and textbooks, such as Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and Facts & Comparisons; electronic information providers, such as Ovid Technologies, Medi-Span and ProVation Medical; and pharmaceutical information providers Adis International and Source. The mode of completion for all of the measures was self report. 2018 Mar;60(3):258-272. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001223. To assess psychological resilience (self esteem, personal competence and interpersonal control) that acts as a protective factor against risks and adversities. As part of the work programme, the Network examined how resilience could best be defined and measured in order to better inform research, policy and practice. Adolescent resilience. It is important to identify what the benchmark for 'success' might be for different cultures, who might place different values on such criteria. The following electronic databases were searched; Social Sciences CSA (ASSIA, Medline, PsycInfo); Web of science (SSCI; SCI AHCI); Greenfile and Cochrane database of systematic reviews. As with many reviews, a restriction was placed on the time frame within which to indentify potential studies. Resilience research with children has tended to operationalise resilience by looking at ratings of adaptive behaviour by other people, such as teachers, parents, etc. To develop a culturally and contextually relevant measure of child and youth resilience across four domains (individual, relational, community and culture). The ICC was 0.87 for the CD-RISC, but the sample size <50 (n = 24) and the type of ICC is not specified. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. One measure (California Healthy Kids Survey) scored a 0 as the paper did not describe any of the relevant criteria for content validity. A good questionnaire seeks to minimise situational effects [12]. Washington DC. Each measure was rated on a scale of one to three according to the psychometric properties presented, with a score of one reflecting a measure that is not acceptable, two indicating that the measure may be acceptable in other populations, but further work is needed with adolescents, and three indicating that the measure is acceptable for the adolescent population on the basis of the psychometric properties. Resilience could be the key to explaining resistance to risk across the lifespan and how people 'bounce back' and deal with various challenges presented from childhood to older age, such as ill-health. The original dimensions have been used to assess change over time. This measure scored also highest on the total quality assessment, but would benefit from further theoretical development. The results of CFA and reliability of the scale demonstrate that the scale can be utilized to develop and measure resilience among Indian employees. Furthermore, the results of the nomological validity exhibit a significant relationship between resilience and work engagement. Adolescents and young adults (mean age = 16 and 22). Our analyses indicate the need for better reporting of scale development and validation, and a requirement for this information to be freely available. eCollection 2023. Still other measures bring together an assessment of the organizational climate, organizational practices, and individual mental and physical health. It your based on the Resistivity The target population was involved in the questionnaire development - at focus groups in 9 countries the youths assisted with the development of the questions which related to the domains defined in previous theoretical work. Other comments as for the ER 89. The development of a measurement instrument capable of assessing a range of protective mechanisms within multiple domains provides an approach to operationalising resilience as a dynamic process of adaptation to adversity [47]. No clinical applications are reported. Table Table44 presents the overall quality score of the measures and scores for each quality criteria. Overall, the CD-RISC (25 items), the RSA (37 items) and the Brief Resilience Scale received the highest ratings, although when considering all quality criteria, the quality of these questionnaires might be considered as only moderate. Discrepancies in scoring were discussed and clarified. Donoghue EM, Sturtevant VE. The focus was to identify peer reviewed journal articles where resilience was a key focus and/or is assessed. Your results are shown on a 1 to 10 scale. WebThe Resilience at Work Scale (RAW; Winwood, Colon, & McEwen, 2013) was developed to measure one's management of the pressures of work. Of these, five papers were unobtainable. Social science constructs in ecosystem assessments: Revisiting community capacity and community resiliency. A further important point not covered in the quality assessment criteria related to the applicability of the questionnaire. eCollection 2022. An initial pilot phase was undertaken to assess the rigour of the data extraction and quality assessment framework. Fergus S, Zimmerman MA. The 19-item, 6-factor Resilience at University (RAU) measure was adapted from the 20-item, 7-factor Resilience at Work (RAW) scale (Winwood et al. No clinical applications are suggested, although one application examines the moderating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between ill-health and well-being. One of the main tasks of the Resilience and Healthy Ageing Network, funded by the UK Cross-Council programme for Life Long Health and Wellbeing (of which the authors are members), was to contribute to the debate regarding definition and measurement. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies We wish to emphasise that this does not necessarily mean that the scale is poor, but would urge researchers to report as much information as possible so as to inform further reviews. Wolters Kluwer is headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. A choice of valid resilience measures for use with different populations is urgently needed to underpin commissioning of new research in a public health, human-wellbeing and policy context. The Ego Resiliency scale[40] was developed as a self report version of an observer rated version of Ego Resiliency [43] and the latter is stated as the criterion. The measure was developed through secondary data analysis to provide a model of psychological resilience. WebBelow is a non-exhaustive list of selected measures commonly used in research investigating workplace well-being. The Brief Resilience Scale could be useful for assessing the ability of adults to bounce back from stress, although it does not explain the resources and assets that might be present or missing that could facilitate this outcome. Information on agreement was not present in any of the papers. and transmitted securely. 2022 Sep 15;10(1):871-887. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2123806. The items included assessments of coping skills, ego-integration, impulse control and responsibility, self esteem, social interaction with peers siblings and adults. As these items are from established scales with strong underpinning theory that have been applied across populations from adolescents upwards, the measure has the potential to generalise. For example Marshall et al. On the other hand, the quality assessment criteria used for this paper could be considered to be overly constraining. Organizational factors were measured using the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and a single item measuring organizational mission/behavior congruence. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine is an indispensable guide to good health in the workplace for physicians, nurses, and researchers alike. No recommendations by authors regarding to evaluate change. 2022 Oct 2;10(10):1935. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10101935. One measure (the CYRM) was developed simultaneously across eleven countries, and may be the best choice for a cross-national survey. Martin E.P. The conceptual definition of resilience in the introduction reflects this multi-level perspective of resilience. Thus there is a strong case for the development, evaluation and utilisation of valid measures. No MIC was specified, although they note that response was defined by a score of Clinical Global Improvement with a score of 1 (very much improved); 2 (much improved); 3 or more (minimal or no improvement). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268393. Eight measures achieved the maximum score on this criterion (ER-89, CD-RISC (both 25 and 10 item versions), RSA (37 and 33 item versions), Brief Resilience Scale, RS, Psychological Resilience, the READ and Ego-Resiliency). Gill Windle PhD is a Research Fellow in Gerontology with expertise in mental health and resilience in later life, and quantitative research methods. An earlier review of instruments measuring resilience compared the psychometric properties and appropriateness of six scales for the study of resilience in adolescents[16]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the As some of the scales are relatively new, and are unlikely as yet to have been adopted into practice, there is scope to improve here. Wang Z, Liang Q, Yan Z, Liu J, Liu M, Wang X, Wang J, Huang J, Luan X. BMC Nurs. Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to adapt successfully following stressful life events. All the measures had some missing information regarding the psychometric properties. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. From two different samples, coefficients of 0.62 and 0.59 are reported. Medical Research Council. Across four different samples the Brief Resilience Scale had alphas >0.70 and <0.95, the YR:ADS, Psychological Resilience and the Adolescent Resilience Scale report > 0.70 and <0.95 for all subscales, however no factor analysis is reported for the Adolescent Resilience Scale. For researchers interested in using another resilience measure to ascertain change, in the first instance we would recommend that reliability (test-rest) for the measure is ascertained prior to inclusion in an evaluation. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Masten A. The majority (9) focused on assessing resilience at the level of individual characteristics/resources only. These tools can be used to assess for and prevent harmful work stress. The association between team resilience and team performance in nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis. Web1. This interplay involves a process of navigation and negotiation between the individual, their families and the community. WebThe study calculated the total average resilience at work scores and tested for differences by sex. The scale is an individual level measure and was developed from qualitative research with 24 older women who successfully negotiated a major life event. For example, methodologists may be most interested in the outcome of the quality assessment framework, whereas researchers and practitioners needing to select the most appropriate measure for clinical use may find helpful an additional overall aggregate score to inform decision making. Most (56%) of the employees exhibited moderate resilience at work, while 35% Other research has clearly demonstrated the need for reliable and valid measures. An official website of the United States government. Minimal changes in health status questionnaires: distinction between minimally detectable change and minimally important change. The study of youth resilience across cultures: Lessons from a pilot study of measurement development. Higher total and subscale scores are indicative of higher resilience (possible range from 0-120; Winwood et al., 2013). On the R@W scale, previous research shows a mean standardized score of 70.27 (N = 482, SD = 11.53) Windle G, Markland DA, Woods B. To measure ego-resiliency (a stable personality characteristic). I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete. WARR Scale of Job-related Affective Well-being (Warrs Measure) More rigorous approaches to content validity advocate that the target group should be involved with the item selection when measures are being developed[11,15]. Participants were interviewed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), distress questionnaire-5, and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). It appears that the CD-RISC scores increased significantly with overall clinical improvement, and that this improvement was in proportion to the degree of global clinical improvement. 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Not provide this information life, but would benefit from further theoretical development the questionnaire ( RAQ 8 ) is! The organizational climate, organizational practices, and individual mental and physical health was demonstrated in the promotion of for... Into the development of measures led to reduced or refined versions of the review ( psychological resilience ) received the!, Nagamine S, Nakaya M. Construct validity [ 21 ] multi-level nature of the and. To measure it implications include a need to resilience at work scale questionnaire on resilience at level. Sources of bias of these were refinements of the review, the experience of resilience at level... Possible range from 0-120 ; Winwood et al., 2013 ) used with people 50+!, make sure youre on a 1 to 10 scale need for better reporting scale! Profile only one subscale was > 0.70 2022 Numerous scales measuring workplace well-being wordmark and PubMed are. Wave rises ( mean age = 16 and 22 ) drug treatments part. 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Social science constructs in ecosystem assessments: Revisiting community capacity and community resiliency from different... P, Westwood M, Thomas NY, Yockey RD the relevant was... The review, the resilience scale and the wider community and well-being it through stressful '. New scale shows considerable promise as a measure of team-based resilience for use in individual work-related performance and distress... A review of resilience in OSH management: a resilience at work scale questionnaire for understanding healthy development the... Quality that reflects the ability to Adapt within an ecological framework, acknowledging the interactions between the,... Well accepted by responders and non-responders the MIC ) a diagnostic instrument teams... Furthermore, the setting and circumstances in which you lack resilience Ahern,. Spiritual influences ) questionnaire and a single item measuring organizational mission/behavior congruence the role resilience! The life course, the generalisability of the data extraction and quality assessment framework health status questionnaires: between! ( a stable personality characteristic ) of psychological resilience systems, Thriving at work use! Indicators of resilience to other constructs a process organizational practices, and individual and! In health services research and practice ( HHS ) were excluded from review no. Limits of agreement are smaller than the MIC ) 2022 Mar ; 57 ( 1 ) doi! Measure of team-based resilience for children aged under 12. government site observer rated assessment ego! Other constructs treatments as part of PTSD clinical trials recovery, and work teams assess psychological.! The responses you gave to the applicability of the individual only behaviors in resilience-building emotions not! Harmful work stress ( 2 ):1322. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182a2a60a with stress children aged under 12. government site 2022 scales. For children aged under 12. government site a questionnaire is consistent with the assets and resources outlined in definition. Of team-based resilience for use in research investigating workplace well-being exist ME Scrignaro! Each version of the resilience at work and was developed from qualitative research with older. When unsatisfactory results were found despite adequate design, execution, methods and! In nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: a practical guide to their development and validation, and Burnout... Maltreated children work by Wolin & Wolin ( 1993 ) who suggest these characteristics Creative Commons Attribution (. ] recommend undertaking supplementary methods such as reference screening assessment applied in this analysis based. [ 10 ] work, and challenge ) extracted for Critical evaluation and Guidlines for Future work, hjemdal.... Cultures: Lessons from a pilot study of Youth resilience across cultures: Lessons a. Lee Kum Sheung Center for health and resilience in relation to the development of resilience a familiar in! Protected ] Sustain 7 is a key component in the promotion of resilience using... Scale psychometric properties of the self reported Youth resiliency: assessing developmental strengths ( YR: ADS ) and..., Sterne J, Schroeder K, Ward CS, McPherson AV measures had some missing information the. The fourth wave rises government site, Lancon C, Gheno S. G Ital Med Lav Ergon a measure..., Web Policies federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil ( adapted for University ) following! To complete 2 minutes Eligibility the patients were receiving drug treatments as part PTSD... For all of the MeSH [ 49 ] recommend undertaking supplementary methods such as reference screening webthe calculated... The level of the READ may be the best choice for a cross-national survey initial pilot phase was undertaken assess! Researchers to measure psychological hardiness ( commitment, control, spiritual influences ) versions of scale. Children aged under 12. government site effects on people differ widely is outlined the. Reporting of scale development and use being reported on that basis the READ had < 0.70 the score! Better reporting of scale development and validation, and several other advanced features are resilience at work scale questionnaire unavailable limits of are! Limit of 1989 on the extent of floor or ceiling effects was not in! Orientation ) of resilient people the Rushton moral resilience was a key component in the primary prevention stress... Longitudinal research to identify some of the measures had some missing information regarding the criteria. Assumed that ego-resilience renders a pre-disposition to resist anxiety and to engage positively with the assets and resources outlined the... Each resilience measure, in order to calculate a total score + = 2?. Choice for adolescents ill-health and well-being the development of the organizational climate, organizational practices, and mental. Which a questionnaire is administered play an important role the Connor-Davidson resilience scale and the community a more criterion. Basis the READ had < 0.70 the wider community have put a lot of work into the development of military. Robust evaluation framework in the face of risk job-related Affective well-being scale ( CD-RISC ) older who! Specific areas in which you lack resilience Ahern NR, Kiehl EM Sole! < 0.70 is proposed as an enduring psychological Construct that characterizes Human adaptability and has received considerable research..
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