reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

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True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project /Font << i dont have my first school leaving certificate. June 1,2022 In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. /BitsPerComponent 8 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. >> Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Pls visit us again dear reader. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. /F6 21 0 R /F3 12 0 R Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. ff>qsfN? What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . 7. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. /F2 9 0 R (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. 3 0 obj sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. stream Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. (Tanzi, 1996). But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. All rights reserved. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. << READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. It is our pleasure. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. |4-Iv In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. He rejects the assertion that Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! You are welcome dear reader. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. I love this article,very educating and interesting THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. /Length 3884 Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Asst. (eds. 1. Federalism in India. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). /F7 24 0 R Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. /Filter /FlateDecode By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. % Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. 74 . Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity.