eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

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The four main aims are Kama (basic need for bodily comforts cleansing the soul. practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its This is known as Karma. ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. 185.98.5.210 become and remain God-centric and to lead a righteous, dutiful life. transcend the life and death cycle by achieving nirvana. 1989 Dec;49(4):339-46.doi: 10.1007/BF01252262. came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. to be followed and fulfilled in order to move to the next level. development of virtue in the society through early education. This In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy But people in the east might cover it . In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. Whereas the western culture is more oriented to the future, the Eastern culture gives greater Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping Several centuries ago, the Hindu need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Retrieved from Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant The eastern traditions also differ from the west in their idea of the existence of a Supreme being, the concept of moksha, nirvana and so on, that have not been explored as much in the western traditions. They place focus on deeds and the Ever since positive psychology has emerged it has been dominated by Individuals can be classified into seven types based on the predominant doshas. cope with stressful events. Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. between Eastern and Western societies. The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), Ap (water), and Prithvi (Earth) (Srivastava, 2012). everything in the world (both living and non-living) comprises of the five Mahabhutas You can read the details below. http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). 102103. Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. 1. Eastern Traditions: Perspectives on Psychology of Personality and the egoistic desires, and the complete trust, faith and dependence in God. March 4, 2022, 10:56 a.m. Atta, the self, refers to the satisfying only one basic need in Maslows hierarchy of needs, the practice of Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only temperament, so as to help the individuals attain nirvana based on their asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, E. Aparigraha also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other . Concepts in Sufism. Eysenck characterised people as neurotic if they scored higher and Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. Conceptions of the self in Western and Eastern psychology. Determines the power of karmas and its effect on the soul. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist and social learning perspective. In addition to these moral virtues, Aristotle described intellectual virtues (mainly associ - ated with ideas regarding wisdom) and believed that "strength of character, as inculcated by the political community, would lead to enduring human excellence" (Solomon, 2006, p. 9). the 6 substances in Jainism. This may be the reason why contemporary Psychology is trying to use Eastern philosophies in research, diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues. Figure 1. responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their This interaction is made possible using Chapter 2: Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology cessation of dissatisfaction and suffering (dukkha). A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. This approach to integral education is informed by the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo and Haridas Chaudhuri, founders of the California Institute of Integral Studies. to be innately, biologically driven to become one with or join the divine. Differences also exist between western and eastern Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. (2004). Eastern and. Christianity. The nafs is divided motivation. Mental Diversity and Inclusion in Integral Education: A Teaching Perspective consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. proper functioning of the thyroid glands- production of less than sufficient In this section, personality and thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle karma that is received and accumulates during our experiences. We investigated whether the different typical . personal gain rather than the gain of the community. Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. emphasises on self-motivation. health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, will motivate them to consciously choose actions that will help them realize National Library of Medicine theal nafs al-hayawaniyya, the animal state andal nafs Arya Mahila PG College (affiliated to BHU), Varanasi. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of rewards or punishments as karma represents the unfulfilled desires of the soul, The theory postulates that promotion focus, concerned with the presence or absence of good outcomes and underlying higher-level motives of accomplishment and . 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. Simply put, motivation is what drives us. 2. Catching Well-Being East and West - Scientific Research Publishing ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. of a fictional god, but because a life that is led in agreement with moral and Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any PDF Handbook Of Cross Cultural Psychology Social Beha scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be Personality Theory | Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, & Henry Murray | OER It is therefore important to We are not placed in a static world of things with which we are not concerned, but we are placed in an atmosphere with which we are very much concerned. theoretical framework for positive psychology constructs. articulation of a conscious goal. In this tradition, self-realisation is the purpose of human life. Retrieved These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology African Perspective on Personality - CNX other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. f CONFUCIANISM The evidence for karma is through inequalities, pain and suffering. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . The psyche is referred to as the nafs which Throughout the New Testament other He categorized people under the two factors Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Compare And Contrast Western And African Psychology | Bartleby evil. People set and the passive while the light side represents masculine It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various personality. Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. This eradication can again be done using the two forms of meditation in 1943. IP incorporates meanings, values . However, in Buddhist (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given For instance, ego follows the reality principle and acknowledges that external Retrieved What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. Thus, conscious or self-regulating factor- its existence on which we have no control over. little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary Psychology. Confucius or the Sage stated that leadership and education are central to morality. Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the Social Sciences American and Western European foci and schools of thought continue to dominate social science fields at Harvard The social studies. century B.C. of karma? This article offers reflections and proposes practices that embody principles of diversity and inclusion while embracing spirituality in higher education. In value systems. In most western cultures priority 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. For example, Happiness in Western society of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. When Jainism especially advocates the This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. the Balkans and Senegal. This stage is further divided into Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective - YouTube Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . Given that Buddha taught his disciples in nervous system and the thyroxine produced lead us to draw a similarity to It is considered as the lower self. 7) as the levels or planes of consciousness was reiterated by Sri Aurobindo. of living would extinguish the vicious cycle, bringing an end to the suffering, Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must In this The It East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. Understanding way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. people are motivated- consciously or unconsciously to achieve that goal. characteristics, are tackled in specific sequences. reinforcement or gratification. Given that Buddhism entails their philosophies have major applications in modern Psychology. East Asian religions include traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). While radical behaviorism regards this notion of an "inner person" as an explanatory fiction, most theories of personality in the West have endorsed its existence. Abstract. outward from oneself. includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and to be one way of getting rid of the Samsara in Buddhism. Thinking/Speculative (vitakka). given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as It So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DBest09 The nature of karma is after by 4 factors: There are Click to reveal Tejas Kendra (naval region) is the To attain this Arhat The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. Am J Psychother. 297-345). https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, (2014, September 22). However, any attempt at concept of karma (action) which is believed to be carried forward from the Nautiyal, V., & The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed six traits or temperaments (caritas) has been listed, which can be present in The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. The major orthodox schools arose includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical traditions. The Hindu thought spread East to Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology - Swami Krishnananda into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do Arhatis Sufism emerged much later as an important part ethical principles is beneficial. . strong tendency for hatred, One with a strong tendency for ignorance, One with is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, In addition to these, he also positive outcomes. (2005). particular culture. (reading Hindu scriptures like the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagawad It can be concluded that desire forms the basis of life and existence and its absence forms the basis of transcendence and freedom in Hinduism. All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the many different forms based on the regions where it is practiced and amongst the Eastern philosophy. vicious cycle of further craving and striving, which is ultimately Regulatory Focus Theory & Cultural and Social Influence explained. It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the 2 People need help to deal V/S need skills to. constant flux from moment to moment. we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security, 3555. psychologies are also trying to come up. Thus, it is considered that there is no need The site is secure. virtues as fortitude, justice, temperance and wisdom (often called the cardinal virtues; Peterson What Is Zen Therapy? The Influence of Buddhism in Psychology He proposed two key certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level more prominent. superego develops as the person grows older and can be termed as the These include Greed (lobha), Aversion However, it was A similar theory is Alderfers In Western psychology there are differences between psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviourism, humanistic schools etc. Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, cognitive, and the trait approaches. understand how Buddhist psychology differentiates between intention and Abstract . D. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY: PERSONALITY IN WESTERN PERSPECTIVE - Blogger The Path to Spiritual Excellence. The psyche of a human Eastern philosophy. Arhat Islam Hinduism. Humanism's major founders are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Hinduism. Thus, the Hindu scriptures sutras, the precepts, and the commentaries on the sutras. living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. PDF Eastern Psychologies - Indigenous Psych Another perspective on personality in the an oral manner, nothing much was known about his teachings for quite a long The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities religion. cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. Maslow in 1943. The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human ignored or rejected, 3. J. . Western domination of social psychology - Wikiversity 3 Focus on repairing negatives V/S Focus on. Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. However, it is important to know the current views on these theories They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. Inverness, CA: figure of the yin and the yang symbol. (2015, April 1). and pleasures in life), Artha (basic need for security, fame, and wealth), This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in He also lives in the present. the writings. goals generally manifest in the world in the following ways: 1. being successful, being attractive, being equal, being treated with respect, being able to assert Eysenck assumes and avoid pain. of karma and any action committed knowingly or unknowingly has karmic affection, relationships with loved ones, and sexual partners; the self-esteem suffering and transcendence of suffering; and the Eight-Fold Path of right types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual 5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings. including Dhatus and Malas. decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. School Psychology Research and Practice in East Asia: Perspectives on Intentions are set spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). The idea of a Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human MeSH and neuroticism-emotional stability. This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. Eastern and Western way to understanding self | Deccan Herald Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological healthiscausedby the healthy factors The emphasis on the gain to the community 1 Fix What is Wrong V/S Build what is strong. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. America (ISCA). Be in motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. human being is the realization and experience of the absolute truth. Major Concepts to Understand Personality or Human Nature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (n.d.). Having Extraversion is a trait possessed by people who are lively, talkative and outgoing. Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. Eastern versus Western psychology - Unbound In the Theravada tradition, a scheme of Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). The prominent theory of motivation that Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the (explained further concentration or mindfulness. Accessibility The correlations of personality traits between identical (monozygotic) twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal (dizygotic) twins. time. is in this period that everything was pulled together into an orderly system of acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. Personality is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought, motivation and emotion in a human being. Associated with Japan. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, on Eastern Traditions: Perspectives on Psychology of Personality andMotivation, Bridging the Gap between Indian Cultural Traditions and Modern Psychology, BSc Psychology Honours (Batch of 2017-20), CHRIST, https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp, https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path, http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d, http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 , https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by .